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The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic and Mysticism By Geoffrey W. Dennis

Download PDF The Encyclopedia of Jewish Myth, Magic and Mysticism By Geoffrey W. Dennis

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Sales Rank: #831397 in Books
Published on: 2007-01-08
Original language: English
Number of items: 1
Dimensions: .80" h x 7.96" w x 9.92" l, 1.72 pounds
Binding: Paperback
384 pages

From the Publisher
"An erudite and lively compendium of Jewish magical beliefs, practices, texts, and individuals. Geoffrey Dennis serves up a delicious schmorgesbord of the irrational, demonstrating that Judaism has been and is not only a rational and legalistic monotheism, but also a rich storehouse of magical traditions that Jews often fail to recognize. This superb comprehensive encyclopedia belongs in every serious library." --Richard M. Golden, Professor of History and Director of the Jewish Studies Program, University of North Texas, and editor of the Encyclopedia of Witchcraft: The Western Tradition

About the Author

Geoffrey Dennis is rabbi of Congregation Kol Ami in Flower Mound, TX. He is also Lecturer in Kabbalah and rabbinic literature at the University of North Texas. He received his M.HL and was ordained at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion. He also has degrees in Education and Nursing.

His articles have appeared in Sh'ma, Parabola, Healing Ministries, The Journal of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, and The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care. He has two recent articles, "The Bride of God: Jewish Erotic Theology" appears in Jews and Sex, published in Feb. 2008, "Water as a Medium of Alerted States of Consciousness in Early Jewish Mysticism," slated to appear in the spring issue of Anthropology of Consciousness.

His book with Llewellyn, The Encyclopedia of Myth, Magic, and Mysticism, has been selected as a runner up in the 2007 National Jewish Book Award, and received Honorable Mention in the Jewish Library Association 2007 Book Awards.

He is married and has two sons.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
A
Aaron: The brother of moses and miriam, Aaron was
both a prophet and the first High Priest. In Jewish tradition,
he exemplifies the virtues of duty and peacemaking.
Alongside Moses, he performed various miraculous
deeds and signs before Pharaoh and his court. Aaron transformed
his rod into a serpent, which consumed the serpents
created by Egyptian magicians (Ex. 7). The first three
of the ten plagues (blood, frogs, and lice) were initiated
by Aaron at God's command (Ex. 7-8).
In his role as High Priest of the new sacrificial cult of
God, Aaron enjoyed supernatural protection. He survived
a trial by ordeal when his authority was challenged by
korach and his kinsmen. His status as High Priest evidently
immunized him from divine punishment (Ex. 34;
Num. 8) and he was instrumental in checking a plague
sent by God among the Israelites by performing a rite
with incense from the altar (Num. 17:1-15). According
to the Bible, Aaron died by the will of God before entering
the Land of Israel.
Rabbinic literature describes miraculous events surrounding
the death of Aaron. God placed one mountain
on top of another to mark where Aaron would be buried,
which is why the Bible calls his burial place Hor ha-Har
(“Mount Mountain”). Aaron was laid to rest on a couch in
a luminous cave on Mount Hor by angels. He was then
enveloped by a Cloud of glory and he died by the kiss
of God (Yalkut, Chukkat 764; Lev. R. 10; Mid. Teh. 83.1).
In the mystical theosophy of the sefirot, Aaron symbolizes
the emanation of Hod, divine glory. He is also one
of the ushpizin, the spiritual ancestors invited to sit in
the sukkah with the living during the holiday of sukkot.
It is interesting to note that despite the many theurgicreligious
elements in the biblical accounts of him and the
magical attributes of his rod, unlike Moses, Aaron is not
widely portrayed as a magician in non-Jewish circles.
Aaron of Baghdad: A mysterious, possibly mythical figure,
whom early medieval mystics in Western Europe credited
with bringing Jewish esoteric traditions to them from the
east.1 A number of miraculous tales about him have been
preserved in books such as sefer Yuhasin.
1. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, 41, 84.
Abaddon: “Destruction.” One of the compartments of
gehenna (Masekhet Gehinnom). In the book of Job, it is
Death personified. The New Testament identifies Abaddon
as the “Angel of the Abyss” (Rev. 9:11).
Abba: “Father.” A Talmudic holy man who, although
not an ordained rabbi, has shown spiritual or healing
powers. The word is also applied in various ways to the
mystical Godhead. see partzufim; sefirot.
Abbahu, Rabbi: Talmudic Sage (ca. 3rd-4th century).
He experienced clairvoyant dreams. An avid collector of
lore, both legal and legendary, he preserved a number of
stories of how angels intervened in the life of biblical figures
(PdRE 16, 43).
Abbaye: A Talmudic Sage and folk healer. Abbaye once
tricked Rabbi Acha into exorcizing a demon from his
house of study (Shab. 66b).
Abbreviations: The use of abbreviations appears in Hebrew
writings as early as the 2nd century BCE. Variously
called notarikon, siman, or rosh tevot, abbreviations have
been widely used for the functional purpose of saving
space at a time when writing materials were costly and
scarce. But even though the origins of the practice are obviously
utilitarian, this method of writing is, in fact, a kind
of encryption. As such, abbreviations can also be a form
of esoteric communication. Over time, certain kinds of
abbreviations, such as acronyms (words formed from the
first letter or syllable of other words) and acrostics (verses
arranged so that a particular letter from each line, taken in
order, spells out a word or phrase), came to be regarded as
dynamic sources of secret knowledge and power to Jewish
mystics and to magical practitioners of all persuasions.1
Thus the name for the month preceding the High Holy
Days, Elul, is seen as an acronym for Ani L'dodi V'dodi Li
(I am my beloved's and He is mine). In another example,
BeresHIt (Gen. 1:1, “In the beginning”) is understood
to be an acronym for Bara Rakia, Eretz, Shamayim, Yam
Tahom, “He created the firmament, land, heaven, sea, and
abyss.”
In Kabbalah, abbreviations are sometimes called tzeruf
otiyot, or letter combinations. Perhaps the most famous of
these is related to the Talmudic story (Ber. 55a) of the four
sages who entered Pardes (Paradise). Tradition teaches
that pardes (“orchard”) is an acronym for the four methods
of torah interpretation: Pashat, Remez, D'rash, and Sod
(plain meaning, allegoric, homiletic, and esoteric). In other
words, the living may find entry to Paradise by penetrating
into the mysteries concealed within the Torah text.
Abbreviations are also an almost universal feature on
amulets. One talismanic acronym is the word shaddai
(shin-dalet-yud) that appears on a mezuzah. The word
itself is a biblical name of god, but also stands for Shomer
Delatot Yisrael (Guardian of the doorways of Israel). The
presence of this acronym-incantation helps give the mezuzah
its protective power. magic squares and diagrams
constructed from different kinds of abbreviations dot medieval
Jewish books on mystical knowledge, magic, and
alchemy.
Names of worthy figures are sometimes held to be abbreviations
of esoteric teachings. Thus the name Jacob,
YAaKoV, is actually made up of four titles of God, Yotzrecha,
Osecha, Konecha, and Borecha (your Former, your
Maker, your Owner, your Creator), revealing God's special
relationship with Jacob, and through him, his descendants.
The most notable and widespread name abbreviation
custom to this day is the various methods adopted
for writing an abbreviation for the tetragrammaton so
that it may not be pronounced and to thereby prevent
the erasure or destruction of God's written name. also
see anagram; hafuch; israel; temurah; tzeruf.
1. Singer, Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 1, 39-43.
Abdiel: An angel mentioned in sefer raziel.
Abihu: The brother of Nadav. see nadav and avihu.
ABiYAh: This word is a mystical acronym for the four
worlds of emanation: Atzilut, Beriyah, Yetzirah, and
Asiyah.
Ablution: see immersion; mikvah; water.
Abner: The commander of Saul's army. The Philistines
were not the only ancients who employed giants. Abner
was so enormous that while he slept, David was able to
crawl beneath his crooked knees and so escape a trap Saul
had set for him (Eccl. R. 9:11; Yalkut Jer. 285; AbbS). He
was the son of the woman of endor (PdRE 33).
Abracadabra: The archetypal voce magica, magical word.
Many claim it to be of Jewish origin reading it as a kind
of fractured Aramaic, ab'ra k'dabra, meaning, “I will create
according to the word.” This is very plausible, assuming
the Aramaic syntax has undergone corruption. It is also
plausible that it is of non-Jewish origin. see hebrew alphabet;
incantations; magic.
Abraham: (Hebrew: Avraham). The progenitor of the Jewish
people, Abraham is also considered in rabbinic tradition
to be a natural philosopher, mystic, and a prophet second
only to Moses. He personifies loving-kindness, devotion,
and faithfulness.
Abbaye
In the Bible, Abraham not only responds to the direct
command of God to leave his homeland for Canaan, he
has several encounters with angels (Gen. 18, 22). In the
midrash, he is granted many miracles. To save him as an
infant from the wrath of evil King nimrod, he is secreted
away in a cave, where the angels feed and minister to him.
According to the text Ma'asei Avraham Avenu, God later
delivers him from a fiery martyrdom planned for him by
Nimrod.
In several sources, he is celebrated as an astrologer (Book
of Jubilees; B.B. 16b). In one Midrash, he sees his infertility
is written in stars, but comes to learn that God has power
over even the astral influences. This then explains God's decision
to change his name from Abram to Abraham (Gen.
15), for in changing his name, God also changes his fate.
From this experience, Abraham gives up the practice of astrology
(Zohar III: 216a; Aggadat Bereshit).
The reason God commands him to circumcise himself
(Gen. 17) is that this act of self-perfection will make the
spirit of prophecy more accessible to him (PdRE 29;
Tanh., Lech Lecha 20).
In the Zohar he is credited with the knowledge to
create a golem (I: 79a), a knowledge alluded to in the
biblical text (Gen. 12:5). This tradition springs from a single
reference to him in the final chapter of sefer Yetzirah.
Because of this same reference, some mystics also regard
Abraham to be the author of that work. Abraham
also possessed a miraculous healing stone, the tzohar. After
his death, God suspended it from the sun, enhancing
the sun's healing powers (B.B. 16b).
In early Kabbalah, Abraham comes to be regarded as an
archetype, a personification of sefirotic attributes. In later
works this logic is reversed, with Abraham being treated as
a divine attribute whose dynamic function in the world is
expressed allegorically through the Abraham saga found in
the Torah. He represents the sefirah of Chesed, pure love.
(Pes. 118a; Gen. R. 38, 61; Seder Eliyahu Rabbah, 1:13;
Zohar, Bahir). see patriarchs and matriarchs; righteous,
the.
Abraham, Apocalypse of: A 2nd-century-CE document
that contains revelations of future history and a vision of
heaven, probably of Jewish origin but also now including
Christian glosses. It exists today only in Slavic language
translation.
Abraham Azulai: Kabbalist (Moroccan, ca. 17th-18th
century). He wrote Avraham L'chesed and an influential
commentary on the Zohar. One source credits him with
performing wondrous deeds, but as there are at least three
prominent Abrahams in the Azulai family, this cannot be
verified.
Abraham ben David of Posquieres: Mystic and polemicist
(Provencal, ca. 12th century). He experienced a
visitation of elijah (Commentary on Yad ha-Chazakah).
Abraham ben Moses: Kabbalist (Egyptian, ca. 13th century).
Rabbi Abraham, a mystic influenced by Sufism, is
most notable for being the son of maimonides.
Abraham ben Simeon: Magician, alchemist, and world
traveler (German, ca. 14th century). Abraham is the author
of Cabala Mystica, “The Mysterious Tradition” (or alternately,
Segullat Melakhim, or “The Book of Sacred Magic”).
Abraham not only told tales of how he enjoyed royal patronage
from many European princes, he even claimed to
have given two popes occult advice. Much of what we
know about Abraham is in doubt--the veracity of these
stories themselves, or even whether Abraham was actually
a Jew or a Christian of Jewish parentage.1
1. Patai, The Jewish Alchemists, 271-89.
Abraham ibn Ezra: see ibn ezra, abraham.
Abraham, Testament of: The Testament is a 2nd-century-
CE apocalyptic text describing Abraham's ascent
into heaven. It appears to be a Jewish text heavily glossed
by Christian copyists. It survives only in Greek.
Abraxis: An angel mentioned in the Gnostic tradition
that appears in later Jewish amulets and in Medieval Jewish
angelologies.
Abu Aharon: Healer and wunder-rabbi (Italian, ca. 10th
century), he performed exorcisms, broke the spells of
witches, and combated zombies (Sefer Yuhasin).
Abu Aharon
Abulafia, Abraham: (1240-1291?). Medieval Spanish
Kabbalist, self-proclaimed prophet, and failed messiah.
Abulafia practiced and taught a sophisticated and novel
form of ecstatic (or as he called, “prophetic”) Kabbalah
that, until recent times, has not received much general attention,
no doubt due to his controversial personality and
career. In his own lifetime, his claims and unorthodox
teachings earned him condemnation from rabbinical authorities.
Fortified by belief in his own messianic identity,
Abulafia at one point sought an audience before Pope
Nicholas III in order to convert him. Not surprisingly, he
was imprisoned for spreading his “gospel.” More surprising
is that he actually survived the ordeal, outliving the
Pope in question. His teachings are enjoying a revival on
two fronts: renewed scholarly research, and the revival of
his techniques within contemporary meditative circles.1
see meditation; tzerufim; visions.
1. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, 120-46; Kaplan,
Meditation and Kabbalah, 57-71. Also see Idel, The Mystical
Experience in Abraham Abulafia.
Abyss: (Tehom). The name for the primordial waters that
preceded Creation and are now trapped below the crust
of the earth (Gen. 1; Gen. R. 13:13; Ps. 104). In temple
times, the ritual of the water libations was performed
to draw up these tellurian waters to help to moisten and
fructify the earth (Tan. 25b).
It can also refer to the realm of the dead, the place
where evil spirits and wicked souls dwell. In later Jewish
eschatology, it is one of the seven compartments of gehenna
(Masekhet Gehinnom). see chaos; water.
Academy on High: see yeshiva shel malah.
Acha ben Jacob: Talmudic Sage (ca. 4th century). He
was a storyteller, folk healer, and exorcist. He once defeated
a demon in the form of a seven-headed hydra (Kid. 29b;
B.B. 75b).
Acherit ha-Yamim: “The End of Days.” see judgment,
day of; eschatology; messiah.
Acrostic: see abbreviations; notarikon; hafuch; temurah;
tzeruf.
Adam: (Adam Rishon). Adam is the first human being and
an archetype for all humanity. One Kabbalistic teaching reveals
that the word ADaM is a mystical abbreviation for the
essence of human nature: Adamah (earth), Dibur

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